JKSSB Paid Notes Class 2 – Indian Polity | JKSSB Mock Test

📜 Indian Councils Act 1861

1. First time Indians were nominated to legislative councils.
2. Lord Canning nominated 3 Indians: Raja of Benaras, Maharaja of Patiala, and Sir Dinkar Rao.
3. Introduced the system of portfolio administration.
4. Restored legislative powers to Bombay and Madras presidencies.

🔍 SSC CGL PYQ: "First Act to associate Indians with law making?" — Indian Councils Act 1861

📜 Indian Councils Act 1892

1. Increased the number of non-official members in legislative councils.
2. Introduced the right to ask questions (but no supplementary questions allowed).
3. Allowed discussion of the budget but no voting rights.
4. Introduced indirect elections through local bodies.

📌 PYQ Fact: First time Indians could ask questions in Council — Act of 1892

📜 Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)

1. Introduced Separate Electorates for Muslims (communal award foundation).
2. S.P. Sinha became the first Indian to join Viceroy’s Executive Council.
3. Increased the size of legislative councils (both Central and Provincial).

⚡ SSC CGL: "Who is called Father of Communal Electorate?" — Lord Minto

📜 Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)

1. Introduced Dyarchy in Provinces — Reserved & Transferred subjects.
2. Established Bicameral Legislature at the Centre.
3. Introduced direct elections for the first time in India.
4. Set up Public Service Commission (1926).
5. Separated Provincial budget from Central budget.

🧠 PYQ: "Dyarchy introduced by which Act?" — 1919 Act

📜 Government of India Act 1935

1. Introduced Provincial Autonomy (ended dyarchy in provinces).
2. Proposed All India Federation (did not materialize).
3. Introduced Dyarchy at Centre.
4. Extended Separate Electorates to more minorities.
5. Established Federal Court (1937).
6. Set up RBI in 1935.
7. Burma separated from India.
8. Sindh separated from Bombay; Orissa separated from Bihar.

📢 SSC PYQ: "Which Act is called the blueprint of the Indian Constitution?" — Government of India Act 1935

🧾 Constituent Assembly 1946–1950

1. First suggested by M.N. Roy in 1934.
2. Formed under Cabinet Mission Plan 1946.
3. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha — First temporary chairman.
4. Dr. Rajendra Prasad — Permanent President.
5. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar — Drafting Committee Chairman.
6. Took 2 years, 11 months, 18 days to draft the Constitution.
7. Adopted on 26 November 1949, enforced on 26 January 1950.

📖 PYQ: "Who proposed the idea of Constituent Assembly?" — M.N. Roy (1934)