Computer Viruses and Antivirus: Key Points for JKSSB - JKSSB Mock Test

Viruses can corrupt files, steal data, and harm computer systems. Antivirus software protects, detects, and removes these threats to keep systems safe. This post will help you understand the types of computer viruses, their symptoms, prevention methods, and commonly used antivirus softwares

What is a Computer Virus?

A computer virus is a malicious software program (malware) that attaches itself to legitimate files and programs, replicates itself, and spreads from one computer to another, causing harm to files and system performance.

Characteristics of Computer Viruses

• Replication: Can create multiple copies of itself.
• Activation: Executes when a specific condition is met.
• Malicious Action: May corrupt, delete, or modify files.
• Stealth: Can hide from detection using various techniques.

Types of Computer Viruses

• Boot Sector Virus: Infects the master boot record of storage devices (e.g., Michelangelo).
• File Infector Virus: Attaches to executable files (.exe, .com) (e.g., Cascade).
• Macro Virus: Infects documents and uses macro languages (e.g., Melissa).
• Polymorphic Virus: Changes its code to avoid detection (e.g., Storm Worm).
• Resident Virus: Loads into memory and infects files actively (e.g., Randex).
• Multipartite Virus: Infects both boot sector and executable files.
• Stealth Virus: Hides its presence by modifying system functions.

Symptoms of Virus Infection

• System slowing down unexpectedly.
• Frequent system crashes and error messages.
• Files getting deleted or corrupted automatically.
• Programs opening and closing without user intervention.
• Unusual messages or graphics appearing on the screen.
• Increased CPU or memory usage without clear reason.
• Antivirus programs getting disabled automatically.

Modes of Virus Spread

• Through infected email attachments.
• Via removable media like USB drives and CDs.
• Downloading software from untrusted sources.
• Using infected pirated software or cracked applications.
• Visiting malicious websites containing drive-by downloads.
• Using network connections to spread across systems.

Difference Between Virus, Worm, and Trojan Horse

• Virus: Attaches to files, requires host to replicate.
• Worm: Replicates itself without attaching to files, spreads over networks.
• Trojan Horse: Disguised as a legitimate program but contains malicious code, does not replicate.

What is Antivirus Software?

Antivirus software is a program designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware, including viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and adware, ensuring the protection of computer systems and data.

Functions of Antivirus Software

• Scans files and programs for known malware signatures.
• Provides real-time protection by monitoring system activity.
• Removes detected viruses and quarantines suspicious files.
• Updates virus definitions to stay protected against new threats.
• Performs scheduled scans for system health checks.
• Blocks malicious websites and downloads automatically.

Popular Antivirus Software

• Windows Defender
• Avast Antivirus
• Norton Antivirus
• Kaspersky Antivirus
• McAfee Antivirus
• Bitdefender Antivirus
• Quick Heal Antivirus
• AVG Antivirus

How Antivirus Works

• Signature-Based Detection: Compares files against a database of known virus signatures.
• Heuristic Analysis: Detects new, unknown viruses by analyzing behavior patterns.
• Sandboxing: Executes suspicious files in an isolated environment for analysis.
• Real-Time Scanning: Monitors files and system activities for suspicious behavior.

Preventive Measures Against Viruses

• Install and update antivirus software regularly.
• Do not open email attachments from unknown sources.
• Avoid downloading files from untrusted websites.
• Regularly update your operating system and software.
• Use strong and updated passwords for security.
• Take regular backups of important data.
• Disable auto-run for removable devices.
• Use firewalls to monitor network traffic.

Expected JKSSB Questions on Computer Viruses

• What is a computer virus? Mention its characteristics.
• List different types of computer viruses with examples.
• What are the symptoms of virus infection on a computer?
• Explain the difference between virus, worm, and trojan horse.
• What is antivirus software, and how does it work?
• List preventive measures against computer viruses.
• What are the functions of antivirus software?

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Can a virus damage hardware?

No, viruses typically affect software and data, but they can cause damage indirectly by causing system overheating or disabling cooling systems.

Q2: Is Windows Defender sufficient for virus protection?

For basic usage, Windows Defender provides sufficient protection, but for advanced security, dedicated antivirus software is recommended.

Q3: How often should you scan your system for viruses?

It is advisable to schedule weekly full scans and ensure real-time protection is enabled at all times.

Conclusion

Understanding computer viruses and antivirus concepts is crucial for your JKSSB Computer Awareness preparation. It not only helps in answering exam questions but also in keeping your personal and professional data safe. Consistent revision, practicing related MCQs, and staying updated with the latest security practices will enhance your computer knowledge and confidence for your upcoming JKSSB exams.

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