MCQs on Panchayati Raj, Municipalities & Co-operative Societies | JKSSB Mock Test

📜 Part IX – Panchayati Raj System

1. Part IX of the Constitution deals with the Panchayati Raj System (Rural Local Self Government).
2. Introduced by: 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
3. Came into effect: 24th April 1993.

🗂️ Articles Covered

1. 243 to 243-O: Panchayati Raj details.

🏛️ Three-Tier Panchayati Raj System

1. Village Level: Gram Panchayat
2. Intermediate Level: Panchayat Samiti
3. District Level: Zila Parishad

📑 11th Schedule of Constitution

1. Added by 73rd Amendment
2. Contains 29 subjects like agriculture, health, education, housing, sanitation, etc.

📅 Tenure

1. Panchayats have a 5-year tenure.
2. Re-elections must be held within 6 months if dissolved early.

⚙️ Elections & Reservation

1. Conducted by State Election Commission.
2. Reservation:
   • SC/ST seats – as per population
   • Women – Minimum 1/3rd seats reserved (some states have 50%)

💰 Panchayat Finance (Article 243H)

1. Powers to collect taxes, duties, tolls.
2. Funds from State Government and recommendations of the State Finance Commission.

🧩 Gram Sabha (Article 243A)

1. Consists of all adult voters of the village.
2. Approves local development works and audits Panchayat activities.

📊 Constitutional Provisions Summary

1. 243: Definitions
2. 243A: Gram Sabha
3. 243B: Structure of Panchayats
4. 243C: Composition of Panchayats
5. 243D: Reservation of seats
6. 243E: Duration of Panchayats
7. 243G: Powers of Panchayats
8. 243H: Financial powers
9. 243I: State Finance Commission
10. 243K: State Election Commission

🗓️ Committees & Background

1. Balwantrai Mehta (1957) – 3-tier system
2. Ashok Mehta (1978) – 2-tier system
3. LM Singhvi (1986) – Constitutional status recommended

📌 SSC Previous Year One-Liners (Part IX)

• SSC CGL 2019: "Which amendment introduced Panchayati Raj?" – 73rd Amendment
• SSC CHSL 2020: "Which article mentions Gram Sabha?" – Article 243A
• SSC GD 2021: "Tenure of Panchayats is?" – 5 Years
• SSC CGL 2018: "Which schedule contains Panchayati Raj subjects?" – 11th Schedule
• SSC CPO 2019: "Reservation for women in Panchayats is?" – At least 33%
• SSC MTS 2022: "First state to adopt Panchayati Raj?" – Rajasthan (1959)
• SSC CGL 2022: "Who conducts Panchayat Elections?" – State Election Commission
• SSC CHSL 2023: "Which article empowers Panchayats to levy taxes?" – Article 243H
• SSC JE 2023: "Panchayati Raj is related to which article range?" – 243 to 243-O

🏙️ Part IX-A – Municipalities (Urban Local Self-Government)

1. Part IX-A deals with Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).
2. Added by: 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
3. Came into effect: 1st June 1993.

🗂️ Articles Covered

1. 243P to 243ZG: Urban Local Bodies

🏛️ Types of Urban Local Bodies

1. Municipal Corporation (Mahanagar Palika) – Large cities (>10 lakh)
2. Municipality (Nagar Palika) – Medium towns
3. Nagar Panchayat – Transition area (village → town)

📑 12th Schedule of Constitution

1. Added by 74th Amendment
2. Contains 18 subjects like urban planning, water supply, sanitation, roads, slum improvement, etc.

📅 Tenure

1. 5-year term for Municipalities.
2. Elections within 6 months if dissolved early.

⚙️ Elections & Reservation

1. Conducted by State Election Commission.
2. Reservation:
   • SC/ST – Proportionate to population
   • Women – Minimum 1/3rd seats reserved

💰 Finance of Municipalities (Article 243X)

1. Authority to collect taxes, fees, and fines
2. Funding via grants from State Government and Central Finance Commission recommendations.

📌 SSC Previous Year One-Liners (Part IX-A)

• SSC CGL 2021: "Which amendment introduced Municipalities?" – 74th Amendment
• SSC CHSL 2022: "Which schedule lists functions of municipalities?" – 12th Schedule
• SSC MTS 2021: "What is a Nagar Panchayat?" – Area in transition from rural to urban
• SSC CPO 2020: "Who conducts Municipal elections?" – State Election Commission
• SSC CGL 2017: "Urban Local Bodies are covered in which article range?" – 243P to 243ZG

🏦 Part IX-B – Co-operative Societies

1. Part IX-B deals with Co-operative Societies.
2. Added by: 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011.
3. Came into effect: 15th February 2012.

🗂️ Articles Covered

1. 243ZH to 243ZT: Co-operative Societies

🏛️ Key Provisions

1. Voluntary formation, democratic management, and professional autonomy of Co-operative Societies.
2. Maximum board tenure: 5 years.
3. Elections to be held before expiry of term or within 6 months of dissolution.
4. One member, one vote principle.

💰 Finance

1. Co-operative Societies have their own funds.
2. State law governs management & regulation, but Constitution provides minimum mandatory guidelines.

📌 SSC Previous Year One-Liners (Part IX-B)

• SSC CGL 2022: "Which amendment deals with Co-operative Societies?" – 97th Amendment
• SSC CHSL 2023: "Which part of the Constitution covers Co-operative Societies?" – Part IX-B
• SSC JE 2022: "Maximum term of Co-operative Society board members?" – 5 Years
• SSC CGL 2019: "Which article range is for Co-operative Societies?" – 243ZH to 243ZT

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