Computer Architecture: Basic Concepts - JKSSB Mock Test
Computer Architecture is one of the foundational topics in the JKSSB Computer syllabus. Understanding how computers are structured and how their components work together is crucial for cracking the exam. This blog covers basic concepts, components, functions, and FAQs in a simple and SEO-optimized format.
What is Computer Architecture?
Computer Architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer's core components. It defines how the computer system works, how data flows, and how processing occurs. In simple terms, it’s the blueprint that determines how hardware and software interact.
Major Components of Computer Architecture
A basic computer system consists of the following core components:
- Input Unit
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Memory Unit
- Output Unit
1. Input Unit
The input unit is responsible for taking input from the user and sending it to the processor. Common input devices include:
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanner
- Microphone
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is known as the "brain" of the computer. It carries out all instructions and processes data. The CPU itself consists of:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs mathematical and logical operations
- CU (Control Unit): Controls the flow of data and coordinates between different units
- Registers: Small, fast storage units inside the CPU
3. Memory Unit
The memory unit stores data temporarily or permanently. It consists of two types:
- Primary Memory (RAM and ROM): Fast, but limited and volatile
- Secondary Memory (Hard Disk, SSD): Slower but offers large storage capacity
4. Output Unit
This unit delivers the processed result to the user. Common output devices include:
- Monitor
- Printer
- Speakers
Von Neumann Architecture
One of the most important concepts in computer architecture is the Von Neumann Model. This model explains how instructions and data are stored in the same memory and are processed sequentially. It includes:
- Input Unit
- Memory Unit
- CPU (with ALU and CU)
- Output Unit
Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle
This is the fundamental working cycle of the CPU:
- Fetch: CPU reads instruction from memory
- Decode: Control Unit interprets the instruction
- Execute: ALU or CU carries out the instruction
System Bus
The system bus is a communication channel that connects the CPU, memory, and other components. It consists of three types:
- Data Bus: Carries actual data
- Address Bus: Carries memory addresses
- Control Bus: Carries control signals
Cache Memory
Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the CPU and RAM. It stores frequently used data to speed up processing.
Types of Computer Architecture
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing): Used in traditional CPUs like Intel
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing): Used in modern mobile processors (ARM)
Importance of Computer Architecture for JKSSB Exams
This topic is often covered in objective-type questions in JKSSB exams. Candidates are expected to know:
- Functions of CPU components
- Basic working of memory
- Flow of data inside the computer
- Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
Quick Revision Table
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| ALU | Performs arithmetic and logic operations |
| CU | Controls and coordinates system activities |
| RAM | Temporary memory; volatile |
| ROM | Permanent memory; non-volatile |
| System Bus | Transfers data, addresses, and control signals |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. What is the full form of CPU?
Answer: Central Processing Unit
Q2. What is the function of the Control Unit?
Answer: It directs the operations of the processor and coordinates between components.
Q3. What is the Von Neumann Architecture?
Answer: It is a computer design model where data and instructions share the same memory.
Q4. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
Answer: RAM is volatile and temporary; ROM is permanent and stores firmware.
Conclusion
Computer Architecture is a must-know topic for any aspirant preparing for the JKSSB exam. It builds the base for understanding how computers function. Review each component, practice related MCQs, and you'll be well-prepared for this section!
