Operating System Functions: Explained - JKSSB Mock Test
The Operating System (OS) is one of the most important components of a computer. For the JKSSB Computer Awareness section, you must understand the basic functions of an Operating System, its types, and real-life examples.
In this guide, we will cover:
- What is an Operating System?
- Types of Operating Systems
- Core Functions of an Operating System
- Examples of OS
- FAQs for JKSSB
What is an Operating System?
An Operating System is system software that acts as a bridge between the user and the computer hardware. It manages hardware resources and provides services for application software.
Simple Definition: The Operating System controls everything in the computer, from memory to processors to devices.
Examples of Operating Systems
- Windows – Microsoft’s OS (Most commonly used)
- Linux – Open-source OS used in servers
- macOS – Apple computers
- Android – Smartphones and tablets
- iOS – Apple mobile devices
Types of Operating Systems
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Batch OS | Processes batches of tasks without user interaction | Early IBM systems |
| Time-Sharing OS | Allows multiple users to share system resources at the same time | UNIX |
| Real-Time OS | Responds quickly to real-world events | VxWorks, RTLinux |
| Distributed OS | Controls a group of computers to work as one system | LOCUS, Amoeba |
| Mobile OS | Designed for smartphones and tablets | Android, iOS |
Core Functions of an Operating System
The Operating System performs multiple essential tasks to ensure the smooth working of a computer. These are called core functions.
1️⃣ Process Management
- Handles multiple processes running at the same time
- Allocates CPU time to each process (Task Scheduling)
- Example: Opening a browser and music player together
2️⃣ Memory Management
- Manages the use of RAM (Random Access Memory)
- Allocates memory to processes and releases it when done
- Example: Loading apps into memory while ensuring there’s enough space
3️⃣ File Management
- Manages data storage and organization in files and folders
- Controls how data is read, written, saved, or deleted
- Example: Saving a Word document to a folder
4️⃣ Device Management
- Manages all Input/Output devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, etc.)
- Controls drivers and communication between hardware and software
- Example: Sending a document to a printer
5️⃣ Security and Access Control
- Protects system data from unauthorized access
- Handles user authentication (passwords, logins)
- Example: Windows login screen
6️⃣ User Interface
- Provides an interface for the user to interact with the computer
- Can be Command-Line Interface (CLI) or Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- Example: Windows desktop or Linux terminal
7️⃣ Networking Functions
- Manages data transfer between computers
- Supports protocols like TCP/IP
- Example: Connecting to the internet or local network
8️⃣ Multitasking and Multi-user Support
- Allows running multiple programs simultaneously
- Supports multiple user accounts on the same machine
9️⃣ Error Detection and Handling
- Detects hardware or software errors
- Generates error messages or logs for the user
- Example: Blue Screen Error in Windows
Modes of Operation
- Kernel Mode: OS runs system-level tasks
- User Mode: Applications run with limited system access
Examples of Operating Systems and Where They are Used
| Operating System | Usage Area |
|---|---|
| Windows | Personal Computers, Offices, Education |
| Linux | Servers, Developers, Cybersecurity |
| macOS | Apple Laptops and Desktops |
| Android | Smartphones, Tablets |
| iOS | iPhones, iPads |
Key Terms for JKSSB
- Booting: Starting the computer system
- Kernel: Core part of the OS managing operations
- Driver: Software that allows OS to control hardware
- GUI: Graphical User Interface
- CLI: Command Line Interface
Operating System Examples with Versions
- Windows – Windows 10, Windows 11
- Linux – Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat
- macOS – Monterey, Ventura
- Android – Android 13, Android 14
- iOS – iOS 17
Why Operating Systems are Important?
- Without an OS, hardware is useless
- Provides a platform for apps and software to run
- Manages hardware resources efficiently
- Ensures system security and stability
FAQs: Operating System – JKSSB
Q1: What is the main function of an Operating System?
Answer: To manage hardware and software resources, and provide services to applications.
Q2: Give two examples of an Operating System.
Answer: Windows, Linux
Q3: What is the kernel?
Answer: The core part of the OS that controls system operations.
Q4: What is multitasking?
Answer: Running multiple programs at the same time.
Q5: What is a device driver?
Answer: Software that helps the OS communicate with hardware devices.
Final Thoughts
Understanding Operating System functions is crucial for the JKSSB Computer Awareness section. Focus on learning the types, examples, and core functions for better exam preparation.
Practice these notes regularly and try to relate them with real-life usage for better memory retention.
All the best for your JKSSB exam!
